Sombrero Galaxy Reveals Surprising

A New Image of the Sombrero Galaxy Reveals Unexpected Details.

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) recently captured a new image of the Sombrero Galaxy, showing it in a way we've never seen before. This new perspective, taken with the telescope's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), reveals the galaxy's outer dust ring in more detail than ever.

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope recently observed the Sombrero galaxy with its Mid-Infrared Instrument, capturing the galaxy’s clumpy outer dust ring. NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI

What Is the Sombrero Galaxy?

Also known as Messier 104 (M104)
Located 30 million light-years away from Earth in the Virgo constellation.
Discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781.
Named for its shape, which looks like a Mexican sombrero hat.

A New Look at the Sombrero Galaxy

The new image taken by JWST shows the galaxy's smooth inner disk, unlike the bright core seen in older images from the Hubble Space Telescope. This new perspective makes the galaxy look more like a bull’s eye than a sombrero.

What changed?
- MIRI's view focuses on infrared light, revealing hidden details like the dusty outer ring of the galaxy.
- The image shows how dust is structured around the galaxy, which is important because dust helps form stars and planets.

Surprising Details from the New Image

Clumpy Outer Dust Ring: Previous observations with NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope showed a smooth dust ring. But the JWST's new view reveals a clumpy, uneven dust ring. This could indicate the presence of a stellar nursery, where new stars are born.
Carbon Molecules: The image also shows carbon-containing molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in the dust. This suggests that star formation may be happening in this outer ring, though at a much slower rate than in other galaxies.

Star Formation in the Sombrero Galaxy

Compared to galaxies like Messier 82, which forms stars at a rapid pace, the Sombrero Galaxy's star formation is much slower.
- It forms less than one solar mass of stars per year, where one solar mass is the mass of the Sun.
- By comparison, the Milky Way forms about two solar masses of stars per year.

Other Features of the Sombrero Galaxy

Supermassive Black Hole: The galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, but it's less active than those found in other galaxies. It slowly consumes material and emits a small jet of radiation.
Globular Clusters: The Sombrero Galaxy is home to about 2,000 globular clusters, which are groups of hundreds of thousands of old stars. These clusters are perfect for scientists studying stars of the same age but different masses.

The James Webb Space Telescope's Ongoing Mission

Launched in December 2021, the JWST is now entering its fourth year of exploring the universe.
Scientists worldwide are using the telescope to study exoplanets, stars, galaxies, and more.

This new view of the Sombrero Galaxy gives astronomers a deeper understanding of its structure, especially the outer dust ring, and its slow pace of star formation. The findings may help scientists learn more about how galaxies evolve over time.

References:

NASA/ESA/CSA – James Webb Space Telescope’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) images.
Hubble Space Telescope – Previous images of the Sombrero Galaxy.

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